Sunday, November 17, 2024
Islamabad (news international. DW new. November 17, 2024) In the modern era, several revolutions have changed our views about history. The first revolution is the stages of human evolution, described by Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species, published in 1859. Another major revolution in the field of archeology is carbonation, which helps to determine the age of an artifact.
The third revolution is that of DNA, which determines the ethnicity of human groups.
These three revolutions increased the knowledge of archeology and expanded it. For example, while researching stone or bronze age cemeteries, tools and weapons of the person buried in the graves were found.
With their help, the experts compiled the social history of that era. When the knowledge of archeology was compiled on a scientific basis, it yielded much information from the past.
Civilizations that were buried in the ground until now. They became the subject of history.
The research of the buildings and ruins of the ancient era revealed about the human knowledge in architecture, for example, the buildings of the Ihram in Egypt still amaze the visitors. When the foundation of the first Ihram was laid. So he sank into the sand. Egyptian architects then laid the first strong platform foundation to support the building's load.
The construction of the pyramids gives an idea of the civilization of ancient Egypt. Who was not only expert in architecture but also in mathematics and geometry. They coped with death through mummification so that they would come back to this world and live their daily lives.
Throughout human history, there have been wars between nations. Therefore, warriors were respected in every nation.
Because they not only defended their nation, but attacked other nations and occupied their lands and looted their booty. Therefore, warriors were given high status in the society for their bravery and bravery. As the Kshatriya caste was a duty among Hindus. That he should fight. In Europe, the knight class was also distinguished for being warriors.
Therefore, in ancient times, every nation wanted to see its people healthy and strong. So that they remain steadfast in the battle field.
The rulers of the ancient era were proud of the fact that they won wars and massacred their enemies. He inscribed his achievements on stone slabs and installed them. Since he had a monopoly on historiography.
Therefore, the incidents of cruelty and brutality became their achievements and they were presented as great in history. While in reality these are not heroes but criminals of history.
An important source of change in history is the importance of people. People migrated from one place to another when there was fear of famine, drought, epidemics and foreign invasions. The process of migration was very difficult and life-threatening.
For example, when the Kushan tribe migrated from China due to tribal disputes and settled in Uzbekistan. So they founded a great empire.
The rulers of the Kushan dynasty established their rule in Afghanistan and Punjab. He adopted Buddhism. During the reign of Kanishka, many Buddhist conferences were held in India, attended by people from China and Southeast Asia.
In these religious gatherings, Buddhism split into two sects. One Mahayan means big wheel and the other Bunyan means small wheel. During this period, Buddhism spread throughout Asia, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Sindh and North-West India.
In history, culture and civilization have been the signs of identity of nations. Culture grew in tribes or communities, which lived freely in the mountains or dense forests.
Therefore, their habits and thinking changed very little and they remained bound by the customs and traditions of their tribes or communities. This is the situation even today of the tribes and communities of the subcontinent, who are bound by their customs and traditions.
In contrast, civilization originates in cities and changes equally over time. Rather, many cultures also become a part of civilization.
Prejudices and hatreds have arisen in the world in the name of civilization. Wars were fought and cultural superiority was proved through bloodshed.
History is shaped by politics, science and literature, art, sculpture and new philosophical thoughts and ideas, which take history out of the past and into the future. Therefore, in order to understand the historical process, it is necessary to study human emotions, his nature and his ideas and thoughts.
In the historical process, climate also plays a major role in the environment in which man competes with nature and maintains his existence.
Note: The opinion expressed in any blog, comment or column of DW Urdu is the personal opinion of the author, with which it is not necessary for DW to agree.
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